Virginia — school discipline
- The lines the state draws
- By definition, and with a ceiling at each step. Short-term is "any disciplinary action whereby a student is not permitted to attend school for a period not to exceed 10 school days." Long-term is "any disciplinary action whereby a student is not permitted to attend school for 11 to 45 school days." (§ 22.1-276.01) The 45-day ceiling is not absolute: "a long-term suspension may extend beyond a 45-school-day period but shall not exceed 364 calendar days if (i) the offense is one described in § 22.1-277.07 or 22.1-277.08 or involves serious bodily injury or (ii) the school board or division superintendent or his designee finds that aggravating circumstances exist, as defined by the Department." (§ 22.1-277.05(C)) For the youngest students the limit is tighter than anywhere else in this layer so far: "no student in preschool through grade three shall be suspended for more than three school days or expelled from attendance at school, unless (i) the offense involves physical harm or credible threat of physical harm to others or (ii) the local school board or the division superintendent or his designee finds that aggravating circumstances exist, as defined by the Department." (§ 22.1-277(B))
- Offices and appeal bodies in these sources
- Who may act is stated unusually broadly at the short end: "A pupil may be suspended for not more than ten school days by either the school principal, any assistant principal, or, in their absence, any teacher." (§ 22.1-277.04) Review of a short-term suspension runs to the superintendent, who "shall review forthwith the action taken by the principal, assistant principal, or teacher upon a petition for such review by any party in interest and confirm or disapprove such action based on an examination of the record of the pupil's behavior." Whether it goes further is left to the division: "The decision of the division superintendent or his designee may be appealed to the school board or a committee thereof in accordance with regulations of the school board; however, the decision of the division superintendent or his designee shall be final if so prescribed by school board regulations." (§ 22.1-277.04) At the long end the hearing right is stated with the notice: written notice "of the right to a hearing before the school board, or a committee thereof, or the superintendent or his designee, in accordance with regulations of the school board", and where a committee hears it, "Any such committee of the school board shall be composed of at least three members. If the committee's decision is not unanimous, the pupil or his parent may appeal the committee's decision to the full school board. Such appeal shall be decided by the school board within 30 days." (§ 22.1-277.05(A))
No state office, phone number, or email for parents appears in the sources reviewed; that absence is the finding. - Sources last checked
- Oct 18, 2026
Reproduced from the state's own statutes quoted below: potentially relevant official sources, not a determination of which one governs any situation.
This page assembles what Virginia publishes in statute about K-12 school discipline: who may remove a student and how, the notice and hearing before a suspension or expulsion, what continues during and after an exclusion, where the appeal routes run, and, because the statute repeatedly hands the details to each division's own regulations, a map of the questions answered only in a school board's own code of student conduct. The fullest single statement is Title 22.1, Chapter 14, Article 3 of the Code of Virginia; its most recently amended sections carry enactment notations into the 2026 General Assembly sessions. The article's own vocabulary appears throughout: the division superintendent, the school board, the regulations governing student conduct, short-term and long-term suspension, exclusion, and — not yet in force — the evidence-based restorative disciplinary practice. Division codes of student conduct add procedural detail this page does not carry; the delegation map below points at exactly those questions. For a student with an IEP or Section 504 plan, the disability layer lives on this site's Virginia special education page. Confirm applicability with the division and the agencies. All dates on this page are quoted from the sources, not a deadline calculation performed for you.
The framework, as the state writes it
Sufficient cause, and two carve-outs (§ 22.1-277). "Students may be suspended or expelled from attendance at school for sufficient cause; however, in no cases may sufficient cause for suspensions include only instances of truancy or only a violation of any student cell phone and smart device possession and use policy developed and implemented pursuant to § 22.1-79.3:1." (§ 22.1-277(A)) A further carve-out protects certain medical use: "no school board shall be required to suspend or expel any student who holds a valid written certification for the use of cannabis oil issued by a practitioner in accordance with § 4.1-1601 for the possession or use of such oil in accordance with the student's individualized health plan and in compliance with a policy adopted by the school board." (§ 22.1-277(E))
Removal from class by teacher (§ 22.1-276.2). "Teachers shall have the initial authority to remove a student for disruptive behavior from a class." (§ 22.1-276.2(A)) Short of a suspension or expulsion, the principal carries a continuing duty: "The principal shall, unless a student who has been removed from class is suspended or expelled from school attendance, ensure that such student continues to receive an education." (§ 22.1-276.2(C)) The criteria for this removal, the incident-report and notification procedures, and the terms of return to class are all handed to each school board's own regulations — quoted in full in the delegation map below.
Short-term suspension (§ 22.1-277.04). The person suspending "may suspend the pupil after giving the pupil oral or written notice of the charges against him and, if he denies them, an explanation of the facts as known to school personnel and an opportunity to present his version of what occurred", and where the pupil's presence is a continuing danger or an ongoing threat of disruption, "the pupil may be removed from school immediately and the notice, explanation of facts, and opportunity to present his version shall be given as soon as practicable thereafter." (§ 22.1-277.04)
Long-term suspension (§ 22.1-277.05) and expulsion (§ 22.1-277.06). Both run on written notice of "the proposed action and the reasons therefor and of the right to a hearing before the school board, or a committee thereof, or the superintendent or his designee, in accordance with regulations of the school board." (§ 22.1-277.05(A); nearly identical language governs expulsion at § 22.1-277.06(A)) For expulsion, the regulations must also provide "for subsequent confirmation or disapproval of the proposed expulsion by the school board, or a committee thereof, as may be provided in regulation, regardless of whether the pupil exercised the right to a hearing." (§ 22.1-277.06(A))
Mandatory expulsion — firearms (§ 22.1-277.07). "In compliance with the federal Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 (Part F-Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994)," a school board "shall expel from school attendance for a period of not less than one year any student whom such school board has determined, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this article, to have possessed a firearm on school property or at a school-sponsored activity as prohibited by § 18.2-308.1 or to have possessed a firearm or destructive device as defined in subsection E, a firearm muffler or firearm silencer, or a pneumatic gun as defined in subsection E of § 15.2-915.4 on school property or at a school-sponsored activity." (§ 22.1-277.07(A)) The statute itself fixes the year: "One year" means 365 calendar days as required in federal regulations. (§ 22.1-277.07(E)) A named exception follows immediately: "A school administrator, pursuant to school board policy, or a school board may, however, determine, based on the facts of a particular situation, that special circumstances exist and no disciplinary action or another disciplinary action or another term of expulsion is appropriate." (§ 22.1-277.07(A))
Mandatory expulsion — drugs (§ 22.1-277.08). The statute states two versions on a schedule of its own. Until July 1, 2027: "School boards shall expel from school attendance any student whom such school board has determined, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this article, to have brought a controlled substance, imitation controlled substance, or marijuana as defined in § 18.2-247 onto school property or to a school-sponsored activity." From July 1, 2027: "School boards shall expel from school attendance any student whom such school board has determined, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this article, to have brought a controlled substance or imitation controlled substance as those terms are defined in § 18.2-247 onto school property or to a school-sponsored activity." (§ 22.1-277.08(A)) The marijuana clause is present in the version stated to govern now and absent from the version stated to take over on that date; the statute makes no other change between the two quoted texts.
Exclusion of a student already expelled or suspended elsewhere (§ 22.1-277.2). By definition, "Exclusion" means a Virginia school board's denial of school admission to a student who has been expelled or has been placed on a long-term suspension of more than 30 calendar days by another school board or a private school, either in Virginia or another state, or for whom admission has been withdrawn by a private school in Virginia or another state. (§ 22.1-276.01) The statute lets a Virginia school board act on such a record: a student "may be excluded from attendance by a local school board in Virginia, regardless of whether such student has been admitted to another school division or private school in the Commonwealth or in another state subsequent to such expulsion, suspension, or withdrawal of admission upon a finding that the student presents a danger to the other students or staff of the school division after (i) written notice to the student and his parent that the student may be subject to exclusion, the reasons therefor, and, in the event of such exclusion, of the right to appeal the decision at a hearing before the school board or a committee thereof; and (ii) a review of the case has been conducted by the division superintendent or his designee and exclusion has been recommended." (§ 22.1-277.2(A))
Alternative education program placement (§ 22.1-277.2:1). Where a school board adopts regulations for it, "the division superintendent or his designee" may place a student in an alternative education program "after (i) written notice to the student and his parent that the student will be required to attend an alternative education program and (ii) notice of the opportunity for the student or his parent to participate in a hearing to be conducted by the division superintendent or his designee regarding such placement." (§ 22.1-277.2:1(B))
Corporal punishment prohibited (§ 22.1-279.1). "No teacher, principal or other person employed by a school board or employed in a school operated by the Commonwealth shall subject a student to corporal punishment." (§ 22.1-279.1(A))
Seclusion and restraint (§ 22.1-279.1:1). This provision assigns the rulemaking to the state's own Board of Education, not to divisions: "The Board shall adopt regulations on the use of seclusion and restraint in public elementary and secondary schools in the Commonwealth that (i) are consistent with its Guidelines for the Development of Policies and Procedures for Managing Student Behavior in Emergency Situations and the Fifteen Principles contained in the U.S. Department of Education's Restraint and Seclusion: Resource Document; (ii) include definitions, criteria for use, restrictions for use, training requirements, notification requirements, reporting requirements, and follow-up requirements; and (iii) address distinctions, including distinctions in emotional and physical development, between (a) the general student population and the special education student population and (b) elementary school students and secondary school students." (§ 22.1-279.1:1) The Board's resulting regulations themselves are not located in this review; their capture is pending, and because the assignment runs to a state agency rather than to district policy, they will not appear in the delegation map below.
Alternative school discipline process for certain incidents (§ 22.1-279.3:3). A school board may opt into a restorative track for one category of incident: "A school board may establish an alternative school discipline process to provide the parties involved in an incident of assault or assault and battery, without bodily injury, of any person on a school bus, on school property, or at a school-sponsored activity the option to enter into a mutually agreed-upon process between the involved parties. Such process shall be designed to hold the student accountable for a noncriminal offense through a mutually agreed-upon standard." (§ 22.1-279.3:3(A)) If it exists and is used, "no principal shall report to the local law-enforcement agency a party who successfully completes the alternative school discipline process." (§ 22.1-279.3:3(B))
Evidence-based restorative disciplinary practices (§ 22.1-279.6:2) — not yet in force. The statute states its own start date: "(Effective July 1, 2027) No public elementary or secondary school student shall be suspended, expelled, or excluded from attendance at school unless the school first considers at least one evidence-based restorative disciplinary practice, except in the case of (i) an offense listed in § 22.1-277.07 or 22.1-277.08 or subsection G of § 16.1-260 or (ii) aggravating circumstances." (§ 22.1-279.6:2(B)) The section carries its own definition of the excepted term, distinct from the Department definition referenced elsewhere in this article: "Aggravating circumstances" means one or more factors identified by the Board in its Model Guidance for Positive, Preventive Code of Student Conduct Policy and Alternatives to Suspension, as amended, or any successor document, that warrant immediate exclusionary discipline without intermediate use of an evidence-based restorative disciplinary practice, which may include use or threat of use of a firearm or other weapon of mass harm, serious bodily injury to another, or repeated prior disciplinary offenses. (§ 22.1-279.6:2(A)) Once effective, a school choosing exclusion over the restorative option must document why: "the school shall document in the student's disciplinary record, as a part of the school's existing disciplinary documentation practices and consistent with the guidelines adopted by the Department pursuant to subsection E, the rationale for the decision to impose exclusionary discipline, including any factors supporting the decision not to utilize an evidence-based restorative disciplinary practice." (§ 22.1-279.6:2(B))
Codes of student conduct: the statutory floor (§ 22.1-279.6). The article closes its own loop with a floor-setting sentence: "In the case of suspension and expulsion, the procedures set forth in this article shall be the minimum procedures that the school board may prescribe." (§ 22.1-279.6(A)) What each school board must build on that floor is the subject of the delegation map below.
The published process
- Notice of charges and the hearing right before long-term exclusion
- For a short-term suspension, the notice and its exception are quoted in the framework above. (§ 22.1-277.04) For a long-term suspension, written notice of "the proposed action and the reasons therefor and of the right to a hearing before the school board, or a committee thereof, or the superintendent or his designee, in accordance with regulations of the school board" is required before the suspension takes effect. (§ 22.1-277.05(A)) For an expulsion, the same notice and hearing right applies, with the school board's regulations required to provide "for subsequent confirmation or disapproval of the proposed expulsion by the school board, or a committee thereof, as may be provided in regulation, regardless of whether the pupil exercised the right to a hearing." (§ 22.1-277.06(A)) Before readmission after any suspension, a further step is required: "No suspended student shall be admitted to the regular school program until such student and his parent have met with school officials to discuss improvement of the student's behavior, unless the school principal or his designee determines that readmission, without parent conference, is appropriate for the student." (§ 22.1-279.3(F))
- Services during exclusion
- The notice at every length of suspension must carry options, and the statute states who pays for them: at ten days or fewer, notice must include "information regarding the availability of community-based educational programs, alternative education programs or other educational options, and of the student's right to return to regular school attendance upon the expiration of the suspension. The costs of any community-based educational program, or alternative education program or educational option, which is not a part of the educational program offered by the school division, shall be borne by the parent of the student." (§ 22.1-277.04) The same allocation is repeated for long-term suspensions and expulsions. (§§ 22.1-277.05(B), 22.1-277.06(B)) What the division must provide regardless: "School boards shall adopt policies and procedures to ensure that suspended students are able to access and complete graded work during and after the suspension." (§§ 22.1-277.04, 22.1-277.05(B)) For a student removed from class short of suspension or expulsion, the principal's continuing-education duty is quoted in the framework above. (§ 22.1-276.2(C))
- The record made, and the appeal route
- A short-term suspension is reviewed by the superintendent on petition and may be appealed to the school board "in accordance with regulations of the school board"; but "the decision of the division superintendent or his designee shall be final if so prescribed by school board regulations." (§ 22.1-277.04) A long-term suspension or an expulsion heard by a committee of the school board runs through the committee provision quoted in the docket, with a non-unanimous decision appealable to the full board: "Such appeal shall be decided by the school board within 30 days." (§§ 22.1-277.05(A), 22.1-277.06(A)) On expulsion, where the board determines the student may not return, "the written notice shall also advise the parent of such student that the student may petition the school board for readmission to be effective one calendar year from the date of his expulsion, and of the conditions, if any, under which readmission may be granted." (§ 22.1-277.06(B)) For exclusion of a student already expelled or suspended elsewhere, an appeal to a committee of the school board carries its own clock: "the student or his parent shall be provided written notice of the right to appeal the decision to the full board, which shall, within thirty days following any such hearing, in the case of an expulsion or withdrawal of admission and, in the case of a suspension of more than thirty days, within fifteen days following any such hearing, notify in writing the student or his parent of its decision." (§ 22.1-277.2(A)) For an alternative education program placement, "The decision of the superintendent or his designee regarding such alternative education placement shall be final unless altered by the school board, upon timely written petition, as established in regulation, by the student or his parent, for a review of the record by the school board." (§ 22.1-277.2:1(B))
- If the student has an IEP or Section 504 plan
- The disability layer lives on this site's Virginia special education page. The discipline article itself states only that removal of a student from class "shall be in accordance with state and federal law and regulations" where the student has a disability. (§ 22.1-276.2(E))
The four rows above answer the questions an experienced adviser raises first, from the state's own statutes, or record that a question is not answered in them.
Timelines, as stated in the sources
All quoted; none calculated. From Title 22.1, Chapter 14, Article 3 as retrieved Sep 2, 2026.
On short-term suspension: not more than ten school days, by definition. (§ 22.1-276.01) When a pupil's presence is a continuing danger, notice and an explanation "shall be given as soon as practicable thereafter" rather than before removal. (§ 22.1-277.04)
On long-term suspension: 11 to 45 school days by definition, extendable "but shall not exceed 364 calendar days" for the reasons quoted in the docket. (§§ 22.1-276.01, 22.1-277.05(C))
On preschool through grade three: not more than three school days, absent the exceptions quoted in the docket. (§ 22.1-277(B))
On expulsion: by definition, a student "is not permitted to attend school within the school division and is ineligible for readmission for 365 calendar days after the date of the expulsion." (§ 22.1-276.01) A student found ineligible to return may "petition the school board for readmission to be effective one calendar year from the date of his expulsion", the wording of § 22.1-277.06(B), quoted in full in the record-and-appeal row above. The mandatory firearms expulsion runs "for a period of not less than one year any student", and, as the statute itself states, "One year" means 365 calendar days as required in federal regulations. (§ 22.1-277.07(A), (E))
On a committee's non-unanimous decision: "Such appeal shall be decided by the school board within 30 days", for both long-term suspension and expulsion. (§§ 22.1-277.05(A), 22.1-277.06(A))
On appeal from exclusion of a student already expelled or suspended elsewhere: the full board must "notify in writing the student or his parent of its decision" within thirty days following a hearing on an expulsion or withdrawal of admission, or within fifteen days following a hearing on a suspension of more than thirty days. (§ 22.1-277.2(A))
On the school year's opening notice: "Within one calendar month of the opening of school," each school board must send parents the notice, the standards of student conduct, and the compulsory attendance law described in the framework. (§ 22.1-279.3(C))
On notice of a bullying allegation: a school board's bullying policy must "direct the principal or his designee to notify the parent of any student involved in an alleged incident of bullying within 24 hours of learning of the allegation of bullying". (§ 22.1-279.6(D)(ii))
On the evidence-based restorative disciplinary practice requirement: not yet in force. The statute states its own date, quoted in the framework above: "(Effective July 1, 2027)". (§ 22.1-279.6:2(B)) The drug-offense expulsion statute likewise carries a stated future date, quoted in the framework above, on which its marijuana clause drops out. (§ 22.1-277.08(A))
What any of this means for a particular situation is for the agency and its processes to determine.
Assigned to district policy by the quoted provision
The statute writes the frame and expressly hands the detail to each school board's own regulations. Each entry below is a question a division's own documents answer, with the delegating text quoted. No district's code of conduct is captured or quoted here.
Removal from class: the criteria and the procedure. "Each school board shall establish, within the regulations governing student conduct required by § 22.1-279.6:" "Criteria for teachers to remove disruptive students from their classes;" "Requirements for incident reports of disruptive behavior to school administrators and any other documentation to support such removals from class;" "Procedures for the written notification of a student and his parents of any incident report and its contents and for the opportunity to meet with the teacher and school administrators to discuss the student's behavior and the possible consequences if such behavior does not cease;" "Guidelines for the alternative assignment and instruction of such students and for the duration of such removals;" and "Procedures for the return of students to class, for teacher participation in any decision by the principal to return a student to the class from which he has been removed, and for the resolution of any disagreements between such principal and teacher regarding such return." (§ 22.1-276.2(B))
Whether a short-term suspension can be appealed past the superintendent. "The decision of the division superintendent or his designee may be appealed to the school board or a committee thereof in accordance with regulations of the school board; however, the decision of the division superintendent or his designee shall be final if so prescribed by school board regulations." (§ 22.1-277.04)
Which forum hears a long-term suspension or expulsion. Both run "in accordance with regulations of the school board" as to whether the hearing is before the full board, a committee, or the superintendent or his designee. (§§ 22.1-277.05(A), 22.1-277.06(A))
The readmission schedule after expulsion. "School boards shall establish, by regulation, a schedule pursuant to which such students may apply and reapply for readmission to school." (§ 22.1-277.06(B))
What counts as "special circumstances" excusing a mandatory firearms expulsion. "A school board may promulgate guidelines for determining what constitutes special circumstances." (§ 22.1-277.07(A))
Whether a student already expelled or suspended elsewhere is excluded. The exclusion route is discretionary and, in the alternative, may run through school board regulation rather than the school-board hearing described above. (§ 22.1-277.2(A), (B))
Whether an alternative school discipline process exists at all, for a covered assault incident. "A school board may establish an alternative school discipline process to provide the parties involved in an incident of assault or assault and battery, without bodily injury, of any person on a school bus, on school property, or at a school-sponsored activity the option to enter into a mutually agreed-upon process between the involved parties." (§ 22.1-279.3:3(A))
The code of student conduct itself, and its biennial review. "School boards shall adopt and revise, as required by § 22.1-253.13:7 and in accordance with the requirements of this section, regulations on codes of student conduct that are consistent with, but may be more stringent than, the guidelines of the Board. School boards shall include in the regulations on codes of student conduct procedures for suspension, expulsion, and exclusion decisions and shall biennially review the model student conduct code to incorporate discipline options and alternatives to preserve a safe, nondisruptive environment for effective teaching and learning." (§ 22.1-279.6(B))
Whether the code of student conduct includes a dress or grooming code. "Any school board may include in its code of student conduct a dress or grooming code." Where one is adopted, the statute fixes six required protections rather than leaving those to the division. (§ 22.1-279.6(I))
Regulation of beepers, other communications devices, and laser pointers. "A school board may regulate the use or possession of beepers or other portable communications devices and laser pointers by students on school property or attending school functions or activities and establish disciplinary procedures pursuant to this article to which students violating such regulations will be subject." (§ 22.1-279.6(E))
Student search regulations. "School boards shall adopt and revise, in accordance with the requirements of this section, regulations governing student searches that are consistent with the guidelines of the Board." (§ 22.1-279.7)
Records access, as stated in the sources
Article 3 does not state a parent's right to inspect, correct, or expunge a student's discipline record; that question is not answered in the sources reviewed (Title 22.1, Chapter 14, Article 3, was searched). What the article does state, once the restorative-practices provision takes effect, is a documentation duty running the other way: a school that imposes exclusionary discipline instead of a restorative practice "shall document in the student's disciplinary record" its rationale, in the wording quoted in full in the framework above, effective July 1, 2027. (§ 22.1-279.6:2(B)) The article also requires each school to keep a narrower record — parents' signed acknowledgment of the code of conduct: "Each school shall maintain records of such signed statements." (§ 22.1-279.3(C)) Neither provision states an inspection, correction, or expungement right. Virginia's general scholastic-records statute, which may address a parent's access to a student's education records more broadly, sits outside Article 3 and is not reached by this page's recipe; its capture is pending. Federal records rights under FERPA are not restated here.
Source map
| Document | Location | Dates |
|---|---|---|
| Code of Virginia, Title 22.1, Chapter 14, Article 3 (Pupil Conduct; Suspensions and Expulsions) | law.lis.virginia.gov | section-level enactment notations, the most recent cited being 2026, c. 586 (§ 22.1-279.6:2) and 2026, Sp. Sess. I, c. 1 (§ 22.1-277.08); retrieved Sep 2, 2026 |
| The Department's definition of "aggravating circumstances" referenced by §§ 22.1-277(B) and 22.1-277.05(C) | not located in this review | capture pending; distinct from the definition stated within § 22.1-279.6:2(A), which governs only that section |
| Board of Education regulations on seclusion and restraint, required by § 22.1-279.1:1 | cited in the article above | capture pending; assigned to the state Board, not to district policy |
| Board of Education Model Guidance for Positive, Preventive Code of Student Conduct Policy and Alternatives to Suspension, referenced by § 22.1-279.6:2(A) | cited in the article above | capture pending |
| Virginia Department of Education guidance on student conduct | — | not located in this review; capture pending |
| Virginia's general scholastic-records statute (parent access to education records) | not located in this review | outside Article 3; capture pending — see Records access |
| Division school board regulations and codes of student conduct | each school division | never captured; see the delegation map |
Change log
Aug 29, 2026 · Baseline page created (discipline-layer breadth sprint). Captured first-party under recipe tools/recipes/virginia-discipline.json: the whole of Title 22.1, Chapter 14, Article 3 from the Commonwealth's own site. Findings recorded: (1) the site's ordinary article page at /vacode/ is a shell whose section text is loaded by script, while the parallel /vacodefull/ path returns the entire article to a plain fetcher — so the capture is taken from /vacodefull/ and readers are sent to the per-section addresses, both the Commonwealth's own; (2) Virginia defines its lines by day count and caps each, 10 school days short-term and 11 to 45 long-term, with a stated extension to no more than 364 calendar days for named offences, serious bodily injury, or aggravating circumstances; (3) the preschool-through-grade-three limit of three school days is the tightest early-grades ceiling in this layer so far; (4) a short-term suspension may be imposed by a principal, an assistant principal, "or, in their absence, any teacher"; (5) whether a short-term suspension can be appealed past the superintendent is itself delegated — the statute says the superintendent's decision "shall be final if so prescribed by school board regulations", so the answer differs by division and cannot be stated for the Commonwealth; (6) the definition of the aggravating circumstances that lift both the 45-day ceiling and the early-grades limit is delegated to the Department and is not in the statute, which states only that it shall include a consideration of a student's disciplinary history — that definition was not located in this review and its capture is pending; (7) the statute repeatedly places the cost of any community-based, alternative, or intervention program that is not part of the division's own educational program on the parent, at all three lengths; (8) school boards must ensure suspended students can access and complete graded work during and after a suspension; (9) a student expelled and found ineligible to return may petition for readmission effective one calendar year from the expulsion; (10) no state office, telephone number, or email address for parents appears in the article, and no Department page setting out these procedures for parents was located in this review. Internet Archive captures: to be added. Reviewer: Carrie Schluter, reviewed 2026-08-29. Corrections on the record in this log: hello@fieldassembly.net.
Sep 2, 2026 · Page deepened to full depth (discipline-layer deepening pass). Re-captured first-party under recipe tools/recipes/virginia-discipline.json (digest d0d68b1912cf); the retained capture differed from the Aug 29, 2026 packet only in its retrieval-date stamps and an added artifact checksum line in the capture notes — the statutory text itself is unchanged, so this is recorded as a retained capture rather than drift. Built out sections 01–02 (the framework route by route, the four hoisted process rows, timelines, the district delegation map, and records access) from provisions the Aug 29, 2026 baseline packet already held but the baseline docket page had not yet quoted. Findings recorded: (1) sufficient cause for a suspension may never rest only on truancy or only on a cell-phone-policy violation (§ 22.1-277(A)); (2) the article states two distinct "aggravating circumstances" concepts — one delegated to the Department and referenced by §§ 22.1-277(B) and 22.1-277.05(C), still not located, and a second, separately defined within § 22.1-279.6:2(A) for the restorative-practices provision alone — and this page keeps them distinct rather than treating one as the other's answer; (3) effective July 1, 2027, § 22.1-279.6:2 will require a school to consider at least one evidence-based restorative disciplinary practice before suspending, expelling, or excluding a student, with named exceptions, and to document its rationale in the student's disciplinary record when it chooses exclusion instead; that date has not yet arrived and the requirement does not yet bind; (4) § 22.1-277.08's mandatory drug-offense expulsion is itself stated in two versions on a schedule, with the marijuana clause present in the version governing until July 1, 2027 and absent from the version taking over that date; (5) the Board of Education's own seclusion-and-restraint regulations (required by § 22.1-279.1:1) are a delegation to the state agency, not to school divisions, and are kept out of the district delegation map for that reason; their capture is still pending; (6) Article 3 states no parent right of inspection, correction, or expungement of a discipline record; the one record-keeping duty running toward parents in this article is the restorative-practices documentation duty taking effect in 2027, and the one running from parents is the signed acknowledgment record each school must keep of receipt of the code of conduct; Virginia's general scholastic-records statute, which may speak to broader access, sits outside this article and outside this page's recipe. Capture pending, unchanged from the baseline: the Department's aggravating-circumstances definition, the Board's seclusion-and-restraint regulations, the Board's Model Guidance for restorative practices, any Department guidance on student conduct for parents, and Virginia's general scholastic-records statute. Internet Archive captures: to be added. Reviewer: Carrie Schluter. Corrections on the record in this log: hello@fieldassembly.net.
Oct 16, 2026 · Internet Archive captures recorded. Captures requested this date by an automated capture pass; no human review is claimed for this entry. No quotation, date, finding or link above was changed by it. Each capture below was requested through Save Page Now and then confirmed to play back. Captures added: Article 3 → https://web.archive.org/web/20261016051226/https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title22.1/chapter14/article3/. Corrections on the record in this log: hello@fieldassembly.net.